# WHE Articles **URL:** https://community.worldhistory.org/c/whe-articles/13.md [Latest](https://community.worldhistory.org/latest.md) · [Categories](https://community.worldhistory.org/categories.md) · [Tags](https://community.worldhistory.org/tags.md) --- ## [About the WHE Articles category](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/about-the-whe-articles-category/153)
**Author:** [@jvdc](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/jvdc)\ **Replies:** 0
--- ## [Ottoman Empire — WHE Definition Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/ottoman-empire-whe-definition-discussion/4572)
**Author:** [@syedmuhammadkhan21](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/syedmuhammadkhan21)\ **Replies:** 4\ **Last updated:** [September 22, 2026, 10:58am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/ottoman-empire-whe-definition-discussion/4572 "2026-09-22T10:58:47Z")
The Ottoman Sultanate (1299-1922 as an empire; 1922-1924 as caliphate only), also referred to as the Ottoman Empire, written in Turkish as Osmanlı Devleti, was a Turkic imperial state that was conceived by and named afte… --- ## [Doubleday's Account of Fort Sumter: He Aimed, Did Not Fire, the First Gun — WHE Article Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/doubledays-account-of-fort-sumter-he-aimed-did-not-fire-the-first-gun-whe-article-discussion/16325)
**Author:** [@JPryst](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/JPryst)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [July 22, 2026, 3:57pm UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/doubledays-account-of-fort-sumter-he-aimed-did-not-fire-the-first-gun-whe-article-discussion/16325 "2026-07-22T15:57:52Z")
Abner Doubleday (1819-1893), an officer in the US Army during the American Civil War, is famous today for two events – neither of which actually happened: This is a companion discussion topic for the original content at h… --- ## [Miklós Horthy — WHE Definition Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/miklos-horthy-whe-definition-discussion/553)
**Author:** [@liam.44f](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/liam.44f)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [July 20, 2026, 9:00am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/miklos-horthy-whe-definition-discussion/553 "2026-07-20T09:00:01Z")
Miklós Horthy (1868-1957) was a Hungarian admiral and statesman who served as regent for the Kingdom of Hungary from 1920 until his forced abdication in 1944. During the interwar period and for most of World War II, Hort… --- ## [Hara Castle — WHE Definition Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/hara-castle-whe-definition-discussion/7709)
**Author:** [@matthewallison](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/matthewallison)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [July 9, 2026, 4:00pm UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/hara-castle-whe-definition-discussion/7709 "2026-07-09T16:00:02Z")
Hara Castle was originally built in 1496 as a subsidiary fortification to nearby Hinoe Castle, with upgrades made from 1599 to 1604. Later dismantled and abandoned by the then daimyo (lord) Matsukura Shigemasa (1574-1630… --- ## [Mahmud II: Reformist Sultan of the Ottoman Empire — WHE Definition Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/mahmud-ii-reformist-sultan-of-the-ottoman-empire-whe-definition-discussion/8015)
**Author:** [@rehamert](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/rehamert)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [July 8, 2026, 9:00am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/mahmud-ii-reformist-sultan-of-the-ottoman-empire-whe-definition-discussion/8015 "2026-07-08T09:00:02Z")
Mahmud II was one of the most influential sultans of the Ottoman Empire. As a radical reformer, he strove to implement military and governmental reforms to prevent the empire from collapsing. His removal of the Janissary… --- ## [Ancient Israelite & Judean Religion: Its History and Development — WHE Article Discussion (2-1097)](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/ancient-israelite-judean-religion-its-history-and-development-whe-article-discussion-2-1097/17009)
**Author:** [@willhartbrown](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/willhartbrown)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [May 27, 2026, 4:00pm UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/ancient-israelite-judean-religion-its-history-and-development-whe-article-discussion-2-1097/17009 "2026-05-27T16:00:02Z")
As early as the 10th century BCE, Israelite and Judean religion began to emerge within the broader West Semitic culture, otherwise known as Canaanite culture. Between the 10th century and the 7th century BCE, ancient Isr… --- ## [Ancient Israelite & Judean Religion: Its History and Development — WHE Article Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/ancient-israelite-judean-religion-its-history-and-development-whe-article-discussion/2599)
**Author:** [@willhartbrown](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/willhartbrown)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [May 27, 2026, 4:00pm UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/ancient-israelite-judean-religion-its-history-and-development-whe-article-discussion/2599 "2026-05-27T16:00:02Z")
As early as the 10th century BCE, Israelite and Judean religion began to emerge within the broader West Semitic culture, otherwise known as Canaanite culture. Between the 10th century and the 7th century BCE, ancient Isr… --- ## [Synod of Whitby — WHE Definition Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/synod-of-whitby-whe-definition-discussion/4027)
**Author:** [@liam.ugp](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/liam.ugp)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [May 18, 2026, 4:02pm UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/synod-of-whitby-whe-definition-discussion/4027 "2026-05-18T16:02:06Z")
The Synod of Whitby was an assembly held in 664 by King Oswiu of Northumbria, with the aim of deciding whether Oswiu's kingdom should follow Roman Christian customs or those of the Irish Christians at Iona, particularly … --- ## [The Marduk Prophecy: Travels of the Statue of a Babylonian God — WHE Article Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/the-marduk-prophecy-travels-of-the-statue-of-a-babylonian-god-whe-article-discussion/16376)
**Author:** [@JPryst](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/JPryst)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [May 14, 2026, 4:00pm UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/the-marduk-prophecy-travels-of-the-statue-of-a-babylonian-god-whe-article-discussion/16376 "2026-05-14T16:00:10Z")
The Marduk Prophecy is an Assyrian document dating to between 713 and 612 BCE found in a building known as The House of the Exorcist, adjacent to a temple in the city of Ashur. It relates the travels of the statue of the… --- ## [Edmund I: The Second King of England — WHE Definition Discussion (1-26318)](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/edmund-i-the-second-king-of-england-whe-definition-discussion-1-26318/16978)
**Author:** [@michaelmccomb](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/michaelmccomb)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [May 14, 2026, 8:56am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/edmund-i-the-second-king-of-england-whe-definition-discussion-1-26318/16978 "2026-05-14T08:56:04Z")
Edmund I ruled the Kingdom of the English from 939 to 946. In his youth, alongside his brother, King Aethelstan (reign 924-939), he defeated a Celtic-Viking alliance at the Battle of Brunanburh (937). Yet when Aethelstan… --- ## [Edmund I: The Second King of England — WHE Definition Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/edmund-i-the-second-king-of-england-whe-definition-discussion/7683)
**Author:** [@michaelmccomb](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/michaelmccomb)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [May 14, 2026, 8:56am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/edmund-i-the-second-king-of-england-whe-definition-discussion/7683 "2026-05-14T08:56:04Z")
Edmund I ruled the Kingdom of the English from 939 to 946. In his youth, alongside his brother, King Aethelstan (reign 924-939), he defeated a Celtic-Viking alliance at the Battle of Brunanburh (937). Yet when Aethelstan… --- ## [Margaret Thatcher: The Iron Lady of British Politics — WHE Definition Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/margaret-thatcher-the-iron-lady-of-british-politics-whe-definition-discussion/435)
**Author:** [@rehamert](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/rehamert)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [May 11, 2026, 8:56am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/margaret-thatcher-the-iron-lady-of-british-politics-whe-definition-discussion/435 "2026-05-11T08:56:26Z")
Margaret Thatcher served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 4 May 1979 to 28 November 1990. Although the United Kingdom emerged militarily victorious from World War II (1939-45), it was still struggling with de… --- ## [The Germanic Warrior: Loyalty Unto Death — WHE Article Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/the-germanic-warrior-loyalty-unto-death-whe-article-discussion/1598)
**Author:** [@jvdc](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/jvdc)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [May 5, 2026, 8:56am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/the-germanic-warrior-loyalty-unto-death-whe-article-discussion/1598 "2026-05-05T08:56:23Z")
In Germanic society, the surest route to wealth, status and power was success in battle. Its most important institution was the comitatus or war band, the personal retinue of elite warriors that every king or chief tried… --- ## [Piers Gaveston: The Rise and Fall of Edward II's Controversial Companion — WHE Definition Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/piers-gaveston-the-rise-and-fall-of-edward-iis-controversial-companion-whe-definition-discussion/3796)
**Author:** [@system](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/system)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [April 23, 2026, 11:00am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/piers-gaveston-the-rise-and-fall-of-edward-iis-controversial-companion-whe-definition-discussion/3796 "2026-04-23T11:00:45Z")
Piers Gaveston (lived circa 1284-1312) was a Gascon-born English nobleman, famous as the favorite of King Edward II of England (reign 1307-1327). Gaveston's humble origins and undue influence over the king caused jealous… --- ## [Caratacus: The Catuvellauni Chieftain Who Defied Rome — WHE Definition Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/caratacus-the-catuvellauni-chieftain-who-defied-rome-whe-definition-discussion/1796)
**Author:** [@lohengrin](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/lohengrin)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [April 17, 2026, 8:59am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/caratacus-the-catuvellauni-chieftain-who-defied-rome-whe-definition-discussion/1796 "2026-04-17T08:59:15Z")
Caratacus (or Caractacus) was a Briton tribal leader who led the resistance against the Roman conquest of Britannia during the 1st century CE. When Roman emperor Claudius (reign 41-54 CE) invaded in 43 CE, Caratacus and … --- ## [A History of Vaccination: Taming the World's Deadliest Diseases — WHE Article Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/a-history-of-vaccination-taming-the-worlds-deadliest-diseases-whe-article-discussion/4714)
**Author:** [@jhorgan](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/jhorgan)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [April 9, 2026, 9:00am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/a-history-of-vaccination-taming-the-worlds-deadliest-diseases-whe-article-discussion/4714 "2026-04-09T09:00:02Z")
The field of public health was transformed by the introduction of vaccination, from the Latin word “vacca” meaning cow, to guard people against infectious diseases. It was well known that exposure to infectious diseases … --- ## [Aethelred I of Wessex: The Forgotten Victor of the Battle of Ashdown — WHE Definition Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/aethelred-i-of-wessex-the-forgotten-victor-of-the-battle-of-ashdown-whe-definition-discussion/7073)
**Author:** [@michaelmccomb](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/michaelmccomb)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [March 26, 2026, 10:00am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/aethelred-i-of-wessex-the-forgotten-victor-of-the-battle-of-ashdown-whe-definition-discussion/7073 "2026-03-26T10:00:02Z")
Aethelred I ruled the Kingdom of Wessex (southern England) from 865 to 871 and led the English resistance to the Viking invasions of Britain. He won the first English victory over the Great Heathen Army at the Battle of … --- ## [Cnut the Great: King of England, Denmark & Norway — WHE Definition Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/cnut-the-great-king-of-england-denmark-norway-whe-definition-discussion/7087)
**Author:** [@brandonmbender](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/brandonmbender)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [February 24, 2026, 10:01am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/cnut-the-great-king-of-england-denmark-norway-whe-definition-discussion/7087 "2026-02-24T10:01:16Z")
Cnut (died 1035), sometimes called Cnut the Great, was king of England (reign 1016-1035), Denmark (reign 1018-1035), and Norway (reign 1028-1035). Following the Danish conquest of England, Cnut became England's king and … --- ## [Seven Kings Must Die Film - Historical Accuracy — WHE Article Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/seven-kings-must-die-film-historical-accuracy-whe-article-discussion/8648)
**Author:** [@michaelmccomb](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/michaelmccomb)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [February 19, 2026, 10:00am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/seven-kings-must-die-film-historical-accuracy-whe-article-discussion/8648 "2026-02-19T10:00:38Z")
Seven Kings Must Die (2023) is a historical drama film based on Bernard Cornwell's novel Warlord (2020) and is a sequel to the TV series The Last Kingdom (2015-2022). Directed by Edward Bazalgette and produced by Carniva… --- ## [German Spring Offensive: Ludendorff's Last Chance to Win WWI — WHE Article Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/german-spring-offensive-ludendorffs-last-chance-to-win-wwi-whe-article-discussion/647)
**Author:** [@system](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/system)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [February 11, 2026, 9:58am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/german-spring-offensive-ludendorffs-last-chance-to-win-wwi-whe-article-discussion/647 "2026-02-11T09:58:11Z")
The German Spring Offensive, also called the Ludendorff Offensive after its commander, was the last major German advance of the First World War (1914-18). From March to July 1918, Ludendorff launched five major attacks o… --- ## [Livonian Rhymed Chronicle: An Account of the Livonian Crusade — WHE Definition Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/livonian-rhymed-chronicle-an-account-of-the-livonian-crusade-whe-definition-discussion/9672)
**Author:** [@liam.ugp](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/liam.ugp)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [February 2, 2026, 6:00pm UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/livonian-rhymed-chronicle-an-account-of-the-livonian-crusade-whe-definition-discussion/9672 "2026-02-02T18:00:02Z")
The Livonian Rhymed Chronicle (Livländische Reimchronik) is an anonymous account of the Livonian Crusade written in Middle High German, covering the years between 1143 and 1290. It is one of the chief written sources con… --- ## [Practicing Magic in Greco-Roman World: Alexander of Abunoteichos & the Greek Magic Papyri — WHE Article Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/practicing-magic-in-greco-roman-world-alexander-of-abunoteichos-the-greek-magic-papyri-whe-article-discussion/3912)
**Author:** [@ruisenzheng](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/ruisenzheng)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [January 26, 2026, 10:19am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/practicing-magic-in-greco-roman-world-alexander-of-abunoteichos-the-greek-magic-papyri-whe-article-discussion/3912 "2026-01-26T10:19:46Z")
Magic was ever-present in the wider Greco-Roman world. Spells and herbs, spirits and gods, curses and blessings, prophecies and oracles, they were all the domain of the magic and crafts of the magician for the people liv… --- ## [The Last Kingdom TV Series - Historical Accuracy — WHE Article Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/the-last-kingdom-tv-series-historical-accuracy-whe-article-discussion/356)
**Author:** [@michaelmccomb](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/michaelmccomb)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [January 20, 2026, 9:55am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/the-last-kingdom-tv-series-historical-accuracy-whe-article-discussion/356 "2026-01-20T09:55:53Z")
The Last Kingdom (2015-2022) is a historical fiction TV series based on Bernard Cornwell's The Saxon Stories novels and adapted for television by English screenwriter Stephen Butchard. With five seasons, the show began a… --- ## [Interview with Barry Strauss: Jews vs. Rome: The Latest Book by Barry Strauss — WHE Article Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/interview-with-barry-strauss-jews-vs-rome-the-latest-book-by-barry-strauss-whe-article-discussion/1420)
**Author:** [@jbw288](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/jbw288)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [January 15, 2026, 5:00pm UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/interview-with-barry-strauss-jews-vs-rome-the-latest-book-by-barry-strauss-whe-article-discussion/1420 "2026-01-15T17:00:02Z")
For over two centuries, ancient Judea was a restless province of the Roman Empire, marked by rebellions, shifting loyalties, and the tensions between imperial might and local identity. In his latest book, Jews vs. Rome: … --- ## [Clothing in the Victorian Era: Getting the Right Balance of Fabric, Figure, and Flashiness — WHE Article Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/clothing-in-the-victorian-era-getting-the-right-balance-of-fabric-figure-and-flashiness-whe-article-discussion/1461)
**Author:** [@markzcartwright](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/markzcartwright)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [January 13, 2026, 10:00am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/clothing-in-the-victorian-era-getting-the-right-balance-of-fabric-figure-and-flashiness-whe-article-discussion/1461 "2026-01-13T10:00:02Z")
Striking silhouettes, sumptuous fabrics, bright colours, frills galore, and all manner of ornate accessories define the clothing of the Victorian period, that is, during the reign of Queen Victoria, which spanned seven d… --- ## [Our Lady of Guadalupe: Patroness of the Americas — WHE Definition Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/our-lady-of-guadalupe-patroness-of-the-americas-whe-definition-discussion/3512)
**Author:** [@jordysamuels.jdt](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/jordysamuels.jdt)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 12, 2025, 10:00am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/our-lady-of-guadalupe-patroness-of-the-americas-whe-definition-discussion/3512 "2025-12-12T10:00:01Z")
Our Lady of Guadalupe, also known as the Virgin of Guadalupe, is a title for a particular image of Mary, Mother of Jesus, as she appeared in the New World in the years after the Spanish conquest of Mexico. A beloved symb… --- ## [How Queen Victoria Celebrated Christmas: The Festive Traditions in the Royal Household — WHE Article Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/how-queen-victoria-celebrated-christmas-the-festive-traditions-in-the-royal-household-whe-article-discussion/5769)
**Author:** [@markzcartwright](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/markzcartwright)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 9, 2025, 10:00am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/how-queen-victoria-celebrated-christmas-the-festive-traditions-in-the-royal-household-whe-article-discussion/5769 "2025-12-09T10:00:02Z")
The way Queen Victoria (reign 1837-1901) and her family celebrated their Christmases became familiar to the public over the years, thanks to the intense media coverage of the royal family, particularly the regular featur… --- ## [A Brief History of Genetics: How Genetics Transformed Medicine and Identity — WHE Article Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/a-brief-history-of-genetics-how-genetics-transformed-medicine-and-identity-whe-article-discussion/6342)
**Author:** [@jhorgan](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/jhorgan)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 8, 2025, 10:00am UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/a-brief-history-of-genetics-how-genetics-transformed-medicine-and-identity-whe-article-discussion/6342 "2025-12-08T10:00:02Z")
Genetics is the study of how genes are transmitted across generations, which includes the genetic information that produces an individual's traits, physical characteristics, and diseases. This recent branch of biology ha… --- ## [The AlUla World Archaeology Symposium 2024: Three Days of Learning and Sharing Amongst Archaeologists — WHE Article Discussion](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/the-alula-world-archaeology-symposium-2024-three-days-of-learning-and-sharing-amongst-archaeologists-whe-article-discussion/1142)
**Author:** [@fiona.richards](https://community.worldhistory.org/u/fiona.richards)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 4, 2025, 5:00pm UTC](https://community.worldhistory.org/t/the-alula-world-archaeology-symposium-2024-three-days-of-learning-and-sharing-amongst-archaeologists-whe-article-discussion/1142 "2025-12-04T17:00:20Z")
I was recently invited to an archaeological symposium at the site of AlUla in Saudi Arabia. I had known about AlUla since 2018 and seen photographs of the amazing Nabatean tombs from there. A conference was held at AlUla… [Next page](https://community.worldhistory.org/c/whe-articles/13.md?page=1)