Sometime in 1153 or 1154, the German nun Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179) wrote a letter to the elderly Pope Anastasius IV (1073-1154). Her words were scathing. She called the pope tired and criticized his rule, describing him as too accepting of depraved people and urging him to control the arrogance of those around him. There was corruption in the medieval church, Hildegard asserted, and he, as pope, should be doing something about it.
This is a companion discussion topic for the original content at https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2738/hildegard-of-bingens-unknown-language-and-unknown/.