The Sumerians were the people of southern Mesopotamia (modern-day southern Iraq) whose civilization flourished between circa 4000 and 1750 BCE. Their name comes from the region, which is frequently – and incorrectly – referred to as a "country." However, Sumer was never a cohesive political entity, but a region of city-states, each with its own king.
This is a companion discussion topic for the original content at https://www.worldhistory.org/Sumerians/.